In previous articles, I summarized lectures at CELS (Conference on Engineering in Living Systems) that described two complementary engineering models for adaptation (here, here). This article will demonstrate how both models have been validated by studies on adaptation of insect wings. Operational Gravity Well Model The first engineering model presupposes that a biological structure or system is organized according to a specific design logic, architecture, or plan founded on engineering principles. The plan includes central features that are constant and unalterable, and it includes parameters that can vary within set limits. The model depicts the variation for traits in a population as an operational gravity well: The allowed variation in an organism can be depicted as a series of variable operational parameters Read More ›
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